Tsetse-transmitted trypanosomes are notorious pathogens of cattle in sub-Saharan Africa, causing the disease nagana or African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT), but it is often overlooked that these trypanosomes also cause disease of varying severity in a range of other livestock species. Although our initial attempt to demonstrate expression of a YFP-tagged, meiosis-specific protein was unsuccessful, the future application of transgenic approaches will facilitate the identification of meiotic stages and hybrids in T. simiae putative sexual stages were abundant in the tsetse proboscis. While no such stages have been observed in T. congolense are predicted to occur in the proboscis, where the corresponding portion of the developmental cycle takes place. brucei is the only tsetse-transmitted trypanosome with experimentally proven capability to undergo sexual reproduction, which occurs in the fly salivary glands. congolense: long proventricular trypanosomes rapidly attached to the substrate and shortened markedly before commencing cell division. simiae followed the pattern previously observed for T. In vitro development of proventricular forms of T. Putative gametes and other meiotic intermediates were also identified by characteristic morphology. simiae trypanosomes in the proboscis, characterised by a large posterior nucleus and two anterior kinetoplasts. Putative meiotic dividers were abundant among T. simiae, as judged by morphological similarity to these stages in T. congolense are closely similar, but we also found putative sexual stages in T. Analysis of image and mensural data confirmed that the vector developmental cycles of T. ResultsĪ PFR1::YFP line successfully completed development in tsetse, but a YFP::HOP1 line failed to progress beyond midgut infection. Image and mensural data were collected and analysed.
The development of proventricular trypanosomes was also studied in vitro. simiae development in the tsetse midgut, proventriculus and proboscis. Genetically modified lines, as well as wild-type trypanosomes, were transmitted through tsetse flies, Glossina pallidipes, to study T. Trypanosoma simiae procyclics were cultured in vitro and transfected using protocols developed for T. Trypanosoma simiae is widespread in tsetse-infested regions, but its biology has been little studied compared to T.
Tsetse-transmitted African animal trypanosomiasis is recognised as an important disease of ruminant livestock in sub-Saharan Africa, but also affects domestic pigs, with Trypanosoma simiae notable as a virulent suid pathogen that can rapidly cause death.
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